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Diabetic Retinopathy: A Leading Cause of Vision Loss in Diabetes

Diabetic Retinopathy: A Leading Cause of Vision Loss in Diabetes

Diabetic Retinopathy: A Leading Cause of Vision Loss in Diabetes

“Early detection through regular eye exams and proper diabetes management can prevent severe vision damage. If you have diabetes, regular eye check-ups are crucial.” - Dr Walid Sharif

People with diabetes face an increased risk of eye complications, including cataracts and glaucoma. However, the most serious vision-threatening condition is diabetic retinopathy, which damages the light-sensitive retina at the back of the eye.

Diabetes is a chronic condition where the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively, leading to high blood sugar levels. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes harms blood vessels, nerves, and organs—including the eyes.

The retina converts light into signals sent to the brain, allowing us to see. It depends on a delicate network of blood vessels for oxygen and nutrients. Persistently high blood sugar damages these vessels, causing diabetic retinopathy, which develops in stages:

Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy

1.Early Stage (Non-Proliferative Retinopathy)

a.Tiny blood vessels weaken and leak, forming small hemorrhages.

b.Vision remains normal, and patients often have no symptoms.

2.Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)

a.Fluid leaks into the macula (central retina), causing swelling.

b.Blurred or distorted central vision develops.

3.Advanced Stage (Proliferative Retinopathy)

a.Poor blood flow triggers abnormal new blood vessel growth.

b.These fragile vessels bleed into the vitreous (eye’s gel-like fluid), causing sudden vision loss.

Severe Complications (Retinal Detachment & Blindness)

  • Scar tissue from bleeding can pull the retina away, leading to permanent vision loss.

Warning Signs

  • Early stages: Often no symptoms.
  • Later stages: Blurred vision, dark spots, floaters,  color fading, or sudden vision loss.

Regular eye checkups are essential in diabetic patients. Click here to book a consultation with our eye specialists .

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